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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 GiESCO 9 Category: GiESCO 2023 ( Page 15 )

Proceedings of GiESCO 2023

The 22nd GIESCO meeting is held by Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, July 17-21, 2023.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSessions 5 and 6: Vine response to abiotic and biotic stress

Understanding the complexity of grapevine winter physiology in the face of changing climate

The vast majority of our understanding of grapevine physiology is focused on the processes that occur during the growing season. Though not obvious, winter physiological changes are dynamic and complex, and have great influence on the survival and phenology of grapevines. In cool and cold climates, winter temperatures are a constant threat to vine survival. Additionally, as climate changes, grapevine production is moving toward more traditionally cool and cold climates, either latitudinal or altitudinal in location. Our research focuses on understanding how grapevines navigate winter physiological changes and how temperature impacts aspects of cold hardiness and dormancy. Through these studies, we have gained keen insight into the connections between winter temperature, maximum cold haridness, and budbreak phenology, that can be used to develop prediction models for viticulture in a changing climate.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSessions 5 and 6: Vine response to abiotic and biotic stress

Techniques to study graft union formation in grapevine

Grapevines are grown grafted in most viticultural regions. Grapevine rootstocks are either hybrids or pure species of different American Vitis spp. (particularly V. berlandieri, V. rupestris and V. riparia), which were primarily used to provide root resistance to the insect pest Phylloxera. In addition to Phylloxera resistance, grapevine rootstocks were also selected in relation their resistance to various abiotic stress conditions. Future rootstocks should have the potential to adapt viticulture to climate change without changing the characteristics of the harvested product. However, high grafting success rates are an essential prerequisite to be able to use them with all the varieties. The objective of this work is to develop quantitative techniques to characterize graft union formation in grapevine.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSessions 5 and 6: Vine response to abiotic and biotic stress

Phloem anatomy traits predict maximum sugar accumulation rates

Heat and water stress can accelerate berry sugar accumulation and lead to excessive sugar-to-acid ratios at harvest, producing bland, overly-alcoholic wines. Selecting grapevines for slower sugar accumulation could help maintain wine quality under future, hotter conditions, but these efforts have been stymied by our limited understanding of the traits determining sugar accumulation rates. Here, we measured traits characterizing the structure and anatomy of the sugar transport system – the phloem – in 16 winegrape cultivars and tested for relationships with sugar accumulation rates and cultivar climate classifications.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSessions 5 and 6: Vine response to abiotic and biotic stress

Implication of secondary viral infections on grafting success rated in nurseries

Grapevine grafting is a complex process that since the establishment of phylloxera has become mandatory for grapevine. Grafting success in grapevine nurseries considerably varies among years and batches with most variety/rootstock combinations reach a high success rate (between 75% and 90%), but some combinations show lower success rates of around 40-50%. The causes of this variation are unknown, although biotic stresses like those caused by some viral infections have been demonstrated to affect the process. European certification schemes for the vegetative propagation of the vine include five major viruses (Arabis mosaic virus, Grapevine Fanleaf Virus, Grapevine Fleck Virus, and Grapevine-associated Leafroll Virus 1 and 3).

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSessions 5 and 6: Vine response to abiotic and biotic stress

Grapevine responses to red blotch disease – a structural-functional perspective of symptomatology development and fruit quality

Red Blotch disease caused by Grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV) is a severe concern to grape growers and winemakers in major grape-growing regions worldwide. One key aspect of all viruses, including Red Blotch, is their intimate association with cell components and anomalous structures following infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze symptomatology, vine function, fruit quality and ultrastructure of various tissues and document the relationship of ultrastructural cytopathology with the GRBaV infection in Pinot Noir and Merlot employing various microscopy techniques.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSessions 5 and 6: Vine response to abiotic and biotic stress

The FEM grapevine breeding program: new registered varieties (mid-)resistant to the main ampelopathies

"Vinum debet esse naturale ex genimine vitis et non corruptum". The Eucharistic wine must be made with pure grapes that must not be contaminated in any way. This is how wine was born in the monastery of the Augustinians, and that is how the genetic improvement of grapevine implemented over the decades at the Agricultural Institute of San Michele all’Adige (since 1874; Trentino - Italy) has been oriented to make the cultivation of grapes always more sustainable. This concept is still current and meets the worldwide urgent need of reducing the use of chemicals, under a climate crisis scenario. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the varieties introduced in Trentino and the new cultivars produced by pioneer breeders have already embraced the principle of sustainable viticulture.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSession 4: New disease tolerant varieties

New disease-resistant grapevine varieties response to drought under a semi-arid climate

In many regions, climate change leads to an increase in air temperature combined with a reduction of rainfall, intensifying climatic demand and water deficits (WD) (Cardell et al. 2019), which in turn may negatively impact grapevine development, yield and grape composition (Santos et al. 2020). In addition, climate change may also increase disease pressure, leading to further yield and quality losses, besides increasing costs due to increased vineyard spraying (Santos et al. 2020) and reducing viticulture acceptability by consumers (Guichard et al. 2017). Adopting new resistant varieties appears as a promising long-term solution to better manage vine protection, but unfortunately little is known regarding their behavior in front of WD.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSession 4: New disease tolerant varieties

The French grapevine breeding program resdur: state of the art and perspectives

The French grapevine breeding program for durable resistance to downy and powdery mildew (INRAE-ResDur) was initiated more than 20 years ago to help reduce the heavy use of plant protection products and provide a durable mean to cope with a strong pathogen pressure. This program has now proved to be effective, with about ten new varieties already officially registered. However, there is still a lot to be done (1) to reduce the duration of each breeding cycle, (2) to diversify disease factors’ pyramiding and anticipate emerging diseases, (3) to work towards larger adoption of the new resistant varieties. New breeding schemes incorporating for example genomic prediction of breeding values are being evaluated to accelerate genetic gains, saving cost and time while handling complex traits.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSession 4: New disease tolerant varieties

Setting up new tools to reduce the duration of the grapevine breeding process : Mercier experience

Since some years, the French wine sector faces strategical challenges, all linked to climate change. Multiple issues have been observed like diseases development, early frost, drought, change in the precocity and maturity of grapes, each one resulting in loss of productivity and yield. In France, the varieties proposed today by nurseries are historical varieties that are not well adapted to those changes. Therefore, Mercier Frères, one of the leading grapevine nursery, has decided to start its own research programs, with the help of its laboratory Novatech, to answer the growing demand for new grapevine varieties.

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GiESCO 2023IVES Conference SeriesSession 4: New disease tolerant varieties

The real sour grapes: genetic Loci, genes, and metabolic changes associated with grape malate levels

Insufficient levels of malate and lack of acidity in commercial grape cultivars (V.vinifera) hinders the quality of fruit grown in warm climates. Conversely, excessive levels of malate and sourness in wild Vitis grape, leads to unpalatable fruit and complicates the introgression of valuable disease resistant alleles through breeding. Nonetheless, albeit decades of research, knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of malate levels in grape remains limited.

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